Significance of demonstration team on improvement of internal teaching quality in teaching ward rounds / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Teaching rounds is an important part of clinical teaching practice, therefore, we established a demonstration team for teaching ward rounds. By formulating standard operation procedure for teaching rounds and encouraging innovation on teaching models, the team played a demonstration role in the clinical teaching rounds, which not only made up the shortcomings in teaching, but also improved the teaching level of clinical teachers and the quality of clinical training.

Significance of demonstration team on improvement of internal teaching quality in teaching ward rounds / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Teaching rounds is an important part of clinical teaching practice,therefore,we established a demonstration team for teaching ward rounds.By formulating standard operation procedure for teaching rounds and encouraging innovation on teaching models,the team played a demonstration role in the clinical teaching rounds,which not only made up the shortcomings in teaching,but also improved the teaching level of clinical teachers and the quality of clinical training.

Content detemination of total tannin in Smilax glabra with reddish brown and off-white colored cross section / 中国中药杂志

There are two types of decoction of Smilax glabra due to its reddish brown or off-white colored cross section. These two kinds of decoction were found that they have large difference in anti-inflammatory effects and chemical constituents in the preliminary experiments. Comparing and analyzing the content of total tannin in these two kinds of decoction of S. glabra from 28 areas by UV-Vis spectrophotometry were first used to provide some experimental and theoretical development and utilization of this medicinal resource and quality control. Also, the sample recovery test required in Chinese Pharmacopoeia was improved by adding tannic acid instead of gallic acid to samples.

Effect of elevated total cholesterol level and hypertension on the risk of fatal cardiovascular disease: a cohort study of Chinese steelworkers / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Increased blood pressure and elevated total cholesterol (TC) level are the two most important modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the world. Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia co-exist more often than would be expected and whether there is a synergistic impact on fatal CVD between elevated TC and hypertension need to be further examined in Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We conducted a cohort study which recruited 5092 Chinese male steelworkers aged 18 - 74 years in 1974 - 1980 and followed up for an average of 20.84 years. Totally 302 fatal CVD events were documented by the year of 2001. Cox proportional hazards regression models were undertaken to adjust for baseline variables with fatal CVD events as the outcome variable. Additive interaction model was used to evaluate the interaction between elevated TC and hypertension.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Hypercholesterolemia and hypertension were significantly associated with an increased hazard ratio (HR) of fatal CVD (1.67 (95%CI 1.18 - 2.38) and 2.91 (95%CI 2.23 - 3.80) respectively. Compared to participants with normotension and TC < 240 mg/dl, the HRs were 1.11 (95%CI 0.56 - 2.21), 2.74 (95%CI 2.07 - 3.64) for hypercholesterolemia and hypertension respectively, and 5.51 (95%CI 3.58 - 8.46) for participants with both risk factors. There was an additive interaction with a 2.65 (95%CI 0.45 - 4.85) relative excess risk (RERI) between hypercholesterolemia and hypertension on CVD.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We found that the risk of fatal CVD was significantly associated with an additive interaction due to hypercholesterolemia and hypertension besides a conventional main effect derived from either of them, which highlights that the prevention and treatment of both risk factors might improve the individual risk profile thus reduce the CVD mortality.</p>

The effect of total cholesterol on myocardial infarction in Chinese male hypertension population / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Total cholesterol (TC) is an important risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI), but the effect of TC on MI in Chinese male hypertension population has not been well documented. We conducted a prospective cohort study to determine the incidence and relative risk for MI across a wide range of TC levels in Chinese male hypertension population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cohort of 5298 male employees aged 18-74 years recruited from Capital Steel and Iron Company in Beijing of China in 1974-1980 was followed up for an average of 20.84 years. A total of 122 incident MI cases were identified during the period of follow-up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence of MI among participants with elevated TC and those with desirable TC in male non-hypertension population was 137.20 and 63.81 per 100,000 person-years, respectively; and the corresponding incidence in male hypertension population was 279.80 and 130.96 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. After adjustment for important covariables, 10.38%, 16.71%, and 23.80% of MI cases were attributable to hypertension, elevated TC, and hypertension plus elevated TC, respectively. In male hypertension population, the multivariate adjusted hazard ratios of MI were 1.21, 2.39, 3.38, and 3.95 for participants with TC level of 5.17-5.68, 5.69-6.20, 6.21-6.71, and > or = 6.72 mmol/L, compared with those with TC < 5.17 mmol/L. The corresponding population attributable risks were 2.92%, 9.20%, 8.87%, and 9.84%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Elevated TC is an important independent risk factor of MI both in male non-hypertension and hypertension populations. There is a linear association between TC level and MI incidence in Chinese male hypertension population.</p>

Ligustrazine as a salvage agent for patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The prognosis is poor for patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). The main reason for poor prognosis is multidrug resistance (MDR), for which the main phenotype is overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). This study explored the efficacy of ligustrazine as a salvage agent in patients with relapsed or refractory NHL, and the relationship to P-gp expression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients were randomized to a reversal agent group, receiving ligustrazine plus chemotherapy, and a control group, receiving chemotherapy alone. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate P-gp expression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 56 patients we were able to evaluate, there was no statistically significant difference in progression-free survival (PFS) in the two groups (P = 0.0651), but the reversal agent group had a higher overall response rate (ORR) than did the control group (P = 0.048). Forty-one of 56 patients had P-gp(+) tumor cells. Among these patients, six of eighteen patients in the reversal agent group and in the control group had complete remission or complete remission/unconfirmed (CR+CRu) reflecting a significant advantage in the reversal agent group (P = 0.048). Patients with P-gp(+) tumor cells in the reversal agent group had a higher overall response rate (ORR) than did the control group (11/18 vs. 6/23, P = 0.024). Kaplan-Meier Survival curve and log-rank test demonstrated that patients with P-gp(+) tumor cells in the reversal agent group had longer progression-free survival than did the control group (P = 0.0464). A small number of patients who received ligustrazine had a decrease in blood pressure.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ligustrazine as a salvage agent in combination with chemotherapy can elevate response rate, prolong PFS with manageable toxicity, and correlate with P-gp expression in relapsed or refractory NHL.</p>

Expression of transforming growth factor β1/Smad4 signal pathway in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease / 中华消化杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of transforming growth factor β1,transforming growth factor beta receptor(TBR)Ⅰ,TβR Ⅱ,Smad4 and C-Jun in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and to find out the mechanisms of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.Methods A total of 18 male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group(n=9)and model group(n=9).The rats in control group were fed with normal diet,and those in model group were fed with fat-rich diet(consisted of 10%lard oil+2%cholesterol).An rats were sacrificed at the 20th week.The levels of TGFβ1,TβR Ⅰ and TβR Ⅱ mRNA were examined by RT-PCR.The expressions of TGFβ1 and Smad4 in liver tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression of C-Jun protein was detected by Western blotting.Results The NAFLD model was successfully established.The immunohistochemistry examination revealed that TGFβ1 and Smad4 were expressed weekly in control group,but strongly expressed in model group.RT-PCR showed that A values of TGFβ1,TβR Ⅰ and TβR Ⅱ mRNA were 0.46±0.12,5.z4±2.70 and 3.35±1.95,respectively,in model group,which were higher than those in control group(0.21±0.09,1.36±0.77 and 0.52±0.19,all P values＜0.01).The Western blotting results demonstrated that the expression of C-Jun protein in model group(0.93±0.41)was higher than that in control group (0.32±0.25,P=0.001).Conclusion TGFβ1/Smad4 signal pathway might be involved in the development of hepatic fibrosis in NAFLD.Blocking TGFβ1/Smad4 signal pathway will be helpful in treatment of NAFLD.

Low dose-intensity docetaxel monotherapy for patients with anthracycline-resistant metastatic breast cancer in poor physical status / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a weekly schedule of low dose-intensity docetaxel monochemotherapy for patients with anthracycline-resistant metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in poor physical status.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty MBC patients who were previously exposed to anthracycline treatment received docetaxel alone at a dose of 30 mg/m2 on D1, D8 and D15, repeated every 4 weeks for a maximum of 6 cycles.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 30 evaluable patients, 2 (6.7%) achieved a complete response, and 9 (30.0%) a partial response, with an overall objective response rate of 36.7% (95% CI: 20.5%-53.9%). The most common adverse event was hematologic toxicity. After an average follow-up of 15.0 months, the median time to progression (TTP) was 8. 5 months and the median overall survival (OS) had not reached yet at the end of follow-up.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The weekly low dose-intensity docetaxel monochemotherapy is effective and well-tolerated in patients with anthracycline-resistant metastatic breast cancer in poor physical status.</p>

Preparation of sinomenine microemulsion and its transdermal absorption / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To screen the optimum formulation and prepare O/W sinomenine microemulsion and investigate its in vitro transdermal delivery ability.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The microemulsions were prepared with the formulation containing oleic acid-tween 80-dehydrated alcohol-water by the pseudo-ternary phase diagram. The permeation flux of sinomenine was determined in vitro by Franz diffusion cell fitted with rat skin. The sinomenine was determined by HPLC. The transdermal characteristics of sinomenine microemulsion were compared with that of sinomenine gels.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The steady state flux of sinomenine microemulsion was significantly higher than that of sinomenine gels. The average permeation rate of sinomenine microemulsion was 116. 44 microg x cm(-2) x h(-1) in vitro.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results indicated that the studied microemulsion system with high permeation rate may be a potential vehicle for the transdermal delivery of sinomenine.</p>

Endothelial function evaluation in salt-sensitive normotensive and mild hypertensive subjects and effects of potassium supplement / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Salt-sensitivity plays an important role in essential hypertension and is associated with more severe target organ injury and higher mortality in patients with essential hypertension. However, the pathologic mechanism of salt-sensitivity is poorly understood and endothelial dysfunction might be involved in salt-sensitive hypertension. We, therefore, observed the endothelial function changes by measuring plasma and urine nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in salt-sensitive (SS) normotensive and mild hypertensive subjects underwent various salt loading protocols and the effects of potassium supplement.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-nine normotensive and mild hypertensive subjects (< 160/100 mm Hg), aged 16-60, were enrolled and the study protocol is as follows: 3 days baseline investigation, 1 week low-salt loading (3 g/day), 1 week. high-salt loading (18 g/day) and 1 week high-salt loading plus potassium chloride (4.5 g/day).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Plasma and urine NO levels were significantly lower in SS (n = 8) subjects at baseline, low-salt and high-salt loading phases compared with salt-resistant subjects (SR, n = 31) and oral potassium supplement to SS subjects with high salt loading significantly increased plasma and urine NO levels.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Endothelial function is impaired in normotensive and mild hypertensive SS subjects. Oral potassium supplement could improve endothelial function in normotensive and mild hypertensive SS subjects.</p>

Relationship between endostatin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expressions on bone marrow stromal cells in BMT-mice / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between endostatin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expressions on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) in mice after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and effect of ligustrazine on their expressions. The mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: normal group (without treatment), saline group (control of BMT) and ligustrazine group (BMT + ligustrazine). BMT mouse models were established. The normal group was not treated, the saline group was given normal saline (0.2 ml/mouse, twice a day) through gastric tube, while the ligustrazine group was given ligustrazine (0.2 ml/mouse, twice a day) also through gastric tube. On day 7, 14, 21 and 28 after BMT, mice were killed by euthanasia. The expression levels of endostatin and VCAM-1 in bone marrow stromal cells were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR analysis respectively. The results showed that the endostatin protein mainly expressed in nuclei of BMSCs, the VCAM-1 protein mainly expressed in plasma of BMSCs. On day 7, 14, 21 after BMT the expression levels of endostatin mRNA and protein in ligustrazine and saline groups were significantly lower than that in normal group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), while their expression levels in ligustrazine group were lower than that in saline group. On day 28 the expression levels in saline group returned to normal, while the expression levels in ligustrazine group not were normalized. On day 7, 14, 21 after BMT the expression levels of VCAM-1 mRNA and protein in ligustrazine and saline groups were significantly lower than that in normal group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), but their expression levels in ligustrazine group were significantly lighter than that in saline group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). On day 28 the VCAM-1 expression level in ligustrazine group returned to normal, while its expression level in saline group not were normalized. The difference between these two groups was significant (P < 0.01). Correlation analysis revealed that there was a negative correlation between endostatin and VCAM-1 expression in saline group, there was a positive correlation between endostatin and VCAM-1 expression in ligustrazine group. It is concluded that the endostatin can influence hematopoiesis in bone marrow by affecting VCAM-1 expression on BMSC and hindering connection between stromal cells and hematopoietic cells as well as extracellular stroma and hematopoietic cells, while ligustrazine can enhance the adhesion molecule expression on stromal cell surface of bone marrow in BMT-mice, accelerate the homing and proliferation of HSPC in bone marrow after BMT, meanwhile can promote the repair of bone marrow microenvironment, accelerate hematopoietic reconstitution of bone marrow after BMT through feedback regulation of endostatin expression of BMSC in BMT-mice.

Major causes of death among male steelworkers in Beijing: a prospective study / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the major causes of death and risk factors among male steelworkers in Beijing.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The study included 5137 men from the cohort of Beijing Capital Steel and Iron Company. The baseline survey was performed in 1974, 1979 and 1980 and the final follow-up evaluation was made in 2001 with a mean follow-up of 20.8 years. Causes of death were coded according to the Ninth Revision of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9). The mortality was calculated by person-years of follow-up and age-standardized according to the 2000 census data in China. Cox proportional-hazards models adjusting for risk factors were used to estimate the relative risk of death.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There is 760 deaths during follow-up. Age-standardized mortality from all causes was 643.0 per 100,000 person-years. The three leading causes of death were malignant neoplasms (mortality, 231.3 per 100,000 person-years), cerebrovascular diseases (mortality, 139.3 per 100,000 person-years) and heart diseases (mortality, 96.4 per 100,000 person-years). The multivariate-adjusted relative risk of death and the population attributable risk proportion for risk factors were as follow: cigarette smoking (95% CI, 1.174 to 1.765); hypertension (95% CI, 1.370 to 1.904) and hypercholesterolemia (95% CI, 1.057 to 1.537).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Our study indicates that malignant neoplasms, cerebrovascular diseases and heart diseases were major causes of death among male steelworkers. Furthermore, cigarette smoking, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia are leading preventable risk factors for death.</p>

Pulse pressure and prevalence of stroke and myocardial infarction in Chinese population / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the characteristics of distribution of pulse pressure (PP) in Chinese population and its relationship to major cardiovascular diseases in them.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data from the Third National Blood Pressure Survey involved 882,681 subjects aged over 18 in 1991 were reanalysed for the relationship between PP and risks of major cardiovascular diseases, with t-test, chi2 test and logistic regression model. PP is defined as the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Overall mean PP was (44.61 +/- 13.59) mm Hg for the subjects aged over 18, higher in men [(44.92 +/- 12.72) mmHg] than that in women [(44.34 +/- 14.32) mmHg]. PP increased progressively with age, and its increase accelerated significantly at age over 50 but higher in women than in men. Proportion of the subjects with PP equal to or greater than 60 mmHg was more in those aged 60 or over than that in younger ones. (2) Prevalence of stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) increased with PP and age, whether in the normotensives, or in the hypertensives or in the isolated systolic hypertensives. (3) Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that risks of stroke in the subjects with PP of (45-59) mmHg, (60-74) mmHg and over 75 mmHg were 1.9, 3.5 and 5 times as in those with PP less than 45 mm Hg, respectively, adjusted for other risk factors, and their risks of myocardial infarction (MI) were 1.2, 1.5 and 1.7 times, respectively. Furthermore, PP was significantly and independently related to the risks of stroke and MI, even adjusted for systolic and diastolic pressures.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Prevalence of stroke and MI increased with the breadth of PP and age. Broader PP may be an important and independent predictor of risks of stroke and MI, especially in the aged people.</p>

A 20-year prospective study on risk factors for myocardial infarction of 5,137 men in Capital Steel and Iron Company / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify independent risk factors for myocardial infarction (MI) in Chinese men and to develop a model to predict risk profile of an individual suffering MI.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Study sample included 5 137 men aged 45.2 +/- 7.8 years who came from a cohort in Beijing Capital Steel and Iron Company, based on the three surveys on coronary heart disease conducted in 1974, 1979 and 1980, respectively. Demographic data and other risk factors, such as life style, medical history, blood pressure, total serum cholesterol level (TC), etc. were collected according to the same protocol in 1980. All the participants were followed up for MI in an average period of 20.84 years until 2001.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) There were 122 cases with MI identified during the period of follow-up, with an incidence of MI 117.4 per 100 000 person-years. Age of more than 50, smoking, higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) levels, higher TC all were identified as important risk factors of MI. (2) Incidence of MI increased with TC. An increment of 0.52 mmol/L of TC significantly increased relative risk of MI by approximately 40% after adjusted for age, blood pressure and smoking. (3) An increment of 20 mm Hg in SBP or 10 mm Hg in DBP associated with a 40% increase in incidence of MI, adjusting for age, TC and smoking. (4) Smoking was the most risky factors for MI. Smokers had 2.3 times risk of MI, after as compared to non-smokers (or its incidence increased by 137%), after adjusting for blood pressure, TC and age, etc. (5) Incidence of MI increased by 20% with increment of five-year of age in those aged over 50 (P < 0.05), after adjusting for blood pressure, TC and smoking. And, (6) finally, based on multivariate logistic and Cox regression analyses, a model containing several risk factors, such as age, blood pressure, TC and smoking, was developed to predict individual's risk for afflicting MI.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Results of this prospective study showed several established risk factors for MI, including age, blood pressure, TC and smoking all as independent predictors of MI in Chinese men. It is clear and rational that intervention and modification of those traditional risk factors can lead to a decrease in coronary events in Chinese population.</p>

A clinical study on the extended reverse digital artery island flap / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility and clinical effect of the extended reverse digital artery island flap including dorsal digital nerve.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Since 2001, 7 cases of pulp and digital palm defects were repaired by the extended reverse digital artery island flap including dorsal digital nerve.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the flaps survived. Follow-up showed satisfactory results functionally and cosmetically with 2-PD of 6-9 mm.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The extended reverse digital artery island flap is a safe and feasible and an effective method for repair of finger pulp defects.</p>

Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Chinese adults / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify the prevalence, distribution, current status of awareness and control of hypertension in Chinese adult population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross-sectional survey was conducted in mainland of China in 2000 - 2001 as a part of work coordinated with InterASIA Program. A total of 15,838 nationally representative subjects aged 35 to 74 were selected with multistage cluster sampling. Measurement of blood pressure was taken for all of them with three readings in a mercuric-column sphygmomanometer after resting for five minutes. Standard structured questionnaire was used to collect their histories and treatment and prevention for hypertension. A case of hypertension was defined as any person with systolic blood pressure equal to or greater than 140 mmHg, or with diastolic blood pressure equal to or greater than 90 mmHg, or being administered with antihypertensive agents.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 15,838 adults aged 35 - 74 years were included in this survey. Overall, the prevalence of hypertension was 27.2%, representing 130 million persons with hypertension nationwide as estimated. Age-specific prevalence of hypertension was 10.7%, 26.8%, 38.9% and 50.2% for women and 17.4%, 28.2%, 40.7% and 47.3% for men aged 35 - 44, 45 - 54, 55 - 64 and 65 - 74 years, respectively. Among hypertensive patients, 44.7% were aware of their high blood pressure, 28.2% were taking antihypertensive medication, and 8.1% achieved their blood pressure under control (< 140/90 mm Hg). All these data indicated that percentages of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension increased by 86.2%, 92.6% and 145.4%, respectively in the past ten years, as compared with the data in 1991.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In the past ten years, percentages of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Chinese adults increased significantly, who had a relatively high prevalence of hypertension, but lower awareness and much lower percentages of treatment and control of hypertension. It is urgently needed to improve prevention, detection and treatment for hypertension in adults.</p>

An evaluation on effectiveness of worksite-based intervention for cardiovascular disease during 1974 - 1998 in capital iron and steel company of Beijing / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility and effectiveness of worksite-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and control program in urban population of China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Worksite-based intervention program was implemented 110 000 employees at Capital Iron and Steel Company of Beijing (CISC) focusing on primary prevention for CVD and control of hypertension. Intervention components comprised of infrastructure setting-up, health education and health promotion, professional training, detection and management of hypertensive patients, and reasonably readjusting their diet structure focusing on salt intake reduction, reducing their overweight, quitting smoking, and restricting alcohol consumption in high-risk population. Changes in level of risk factors, incidence and mortality of stroke and coronary events and their trend were evaluated between the intervention group at CISC and eight simultaneously parallel reference groups in other provinces outside Beijing with population surveillance data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Major risk factors for CVD, including blood pressure, body mass index and serum cholesterol level, decreased relatively in intervention population at CISC during 1974 to 1998, while those in majority of eight parallel reference groups at different provinces of China significantly increased at the same time. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased by 0.8 mm Hg and 4 mm Hg in average for men and women, respectively, and their diastolic blood pressure (DBP) remained the same as baseline for both men and women at CISC, while SBP increased by (2 - 11) mm Hg and (6 - 8) mm Hg in average for men and women, respectively in reference groups, and DBP increased by (2 - 6) mm Hg in average for men in five of eight reference groups, and by (3 - 6) mm Hg for women in four of eight reference groups. Serum level of cholesterol decreased by 0.26 mmol/L in women and slightly increased for men at CISC, and increased by (0.35 - 0.97) mmol/L for men and (0.29 - 1.05) mmol/L for women in all reference groups. Prevalence of overweight increased by 58.7% for men and 11.3% for women at CISC and increased by one to 22 folds in eight reference groups. Awareness of health knowledge improved significantly with an average net reduction of SBP/DBP of (2.5/2.2) mm Hg in the enforced intervention group at CISC than that in general intervention groups. Incidence and mortality rates of stroke decreased by 54.7% and 74.3%, respectively in intervention group at CSIC, but those of coronary events slowly increased with fluctuation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Worksite-based comprehensive intervention for CVD prevention and control was feasible and cost-effective in decreasing risk factors for CVD, incidence and mortality rate of stroke in population of urban areas of China.</p>

he roles of hypoxia and glutamic acid on NMDA receptor channel of hypothalamic neuron in rats / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To study the effects of hypoxia and glutamic acid on the kinetic properties of NMDA receptor channel of the hypothalamic neurons in rats. Methods　Cell-attached mode patch clamp technique was employed to record the single channel current of the NMDA receptor. Results　The open probability of NMDA receptor channel was increased after acute hypoxia compared with that of normal state, the open time τ1,τ2 was changed from (0.33±0.10)ms，(4.36±0.26)ms to (0.93±0.22)ms，(7.64±0.72)ms, and the close time τ1,τ2 was from (18.03±3.50)ms，(171.50±19.10)ms to (3.42±1.02)ms，(19.39±3.07)ms. The mean open probability was changed from 0.12±0.05 in normal state to 0.66±0.36 in hypoxia state. Furthermore, glutamic acid can increase open time and open probability of NMDA receptor channel,decrease close time. Conclusion　The excitability and the open probability of NMDA receptor channel of hypothalamic neurons increased by hypoxia is related to glutamate.

he roles of hypoxia and glutamic acid on NMDA receptor channel of hypothalamic neuron in rats / 第三军医大学学报

Objective　To study the effects of hypoxia and glutamic acid on the kinetic properties of NMDA receptor channel of the hypothalamic neurons in rats. Methods　Cell-attached mode patch clamp technique was employed to record the single channel current of the NMDA receptor. Results　The open probability of NMDA receptor channel was increased after acute hypoxia compared with that of normal state, the open time τ1,τ2 was changed from (0.33±0.10)ms，(4.36±0.26)ms to (0.93±0.22)ms，(7.64±0.72)ms, and the close time τ1,τ2 was from (18.03±3.50)ms，(171.50±19.10)ms to (3.42±1.02)ms，(19.39±3.07)ms. The mean open probability was changed from 0.12±0.05 in normal state to 0.66±0.36 in hypoxia state. Furthermore, glutamic acid can increase open time and open probability of NMDA receptor channel,decrease close time. Conclusion　The excitability and the open probability of NMDA receptor channel of hypothalamic neurons increased by hypoxia is related to glutamate.

KAI1 and CD40 protein expression in relation with the elinicopathologic features and prognosis of gastric cancer / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective To study the expression of KAI1 and CD40 in gastric cancer and their correlation with clinicopathologic features and prognosis.Methods The expression of KAI1 and CD40 of 64 gastric cancer tissues was examinated by S-P immunohistochemieal methods.Results The overall positive rate of KAI1 was 22% in gastric cancer.Expression of KAI1 was positively related to the degree of tumor differentiation,it was negatively related to invasion depth and lymph node metastasis and the tumor clinical stage.The 5-year survival rate of cases with positive expression of KAII was significantly higher than that of cases with negative expression(X~2=42.426,P=0.000).The expression rate of CD40 in gastric cancer tissue was 34%.The expression of CD40 was significantly correlated with metastasis and clinical stage of gastric cancer.The 5-year survival rate of cases with positive expression of CD40 was significantly lower than that of cases with negative expression(X~2=4.841,P=0.028).There is no relationship between KAI1 and CD40 expression in gastric cancer.Conclusion KAI1 is associated with gastric cancer differentiation,invasion and metastasis.CD40 status helps to evaluate metastasis,and predict prognosis of gastric cancer.